在电镀中，预处理的目的是去除工件表面的污垢和杂质，使其成为适合电镀的活性表面。电镀质量差的主要原因是预处理不好。而且预处理不好，大部分超声波清洗设备没有使用。

　　In electroplating, the purpose of pre-treatment is to remove dirt and impurities from the surface of the workpiece, making it an active surface suitable for electroplating. The main reason for poor electroplating quality is poor pre-treatment. Moreover, the pre-treatment is not good, and most ultrasonic cleaning equipment is not in use.

　　电镀前，应根据工件的实际情况，采用适当的方法进行有效清洗。金属基材一般分为冲压件和压铸件。冲压件上方的油污为普通冲压油，由于其密度高，更容易清洗。一般可采用酸洗、电解等方法，而锌、铝、铜等压铸件由于在压铸件中添加了各种元素而更难清洗，此外，在成型、拉延、压延、切割、抛光过程中还必须使用各种油，如油、抛光油等。

　　Before electroplating, appropriate methods should be used for effective cleaning based on the actual situation of the workpiece. Metal substrates are generally divided into stamped parts and die castings. The oil stains above the stamped parts are ordinary stamping oil, which is easier to clean due to its high density. Generally, acid washing, electrolysis and other methods can be used, but zinc, aluminum, copper and other die-casting parts are more difficult to clean due to the addition of various elements in the die-casting parts. In addition, various oils such as oil and polishing oil must also be used in the forming, drawing, rolling, cutting, and polishing processes.

　　对于超声波清洗机，油可以很容易地清除。但抛光油分为黄油、白油、绿油等，相比之下，它们很难分开。因此，有必要选择合适的超声波清洗设备和清洗液。

　　For ultrasonic cleaning machines, oil can be easily removed. But polishing oil can be divided into butter, white oil, green oil, etc., making it difficult to separate them. Therefore, it is necessary to choose appropriate ultrasonic cleaning equipment and cleaning solution.

　　超声波频率通常在20-100khz之间。对于普通工件的预处理，一般采用低频中功率超声波清洗设备，如频率25-28khz，功率密度1W/cm。

　　The ultrasonic frequency is usually between 20-100kHz. For the pre-treatment of ordinary workpieces, low-frequency medium power ultrasonic cleaning equipment is generally used, such as a frequency of 25-28 kHz and a power density of 1W/cm.

　　由于低频比高频容易在介质中产生空化，对于外观简单、不太精密的工件，超声波清洗机可以满足要求。它的特点是噪音大，价格低。对于一些高精度工件，一般采用40-68khz高频大功率超声波清洗机。因此，对于间隙、间隙、深孔、盲孔等外观复杂的工件，分级清洗机的清洗效果更好。但超声波清洗的作用只有溶液到达的地方才能起到清洗作用。也就是说，要避免空气进入深孔和盲孔，注意杂质落地、浮油和处理清洗不到位的现象。

　　Due to the tendency of low-frequency to produce cavitation in the medium compared to high-frequency, ultrasonic cleaning machines can meet the requirements for workpieces with simple appearance and less precision. Its characteristics are high noise and low price. For some high-precision workpieces, a 40-68kHz high-frequency high-power ultrasonic cleaning machine is generally used. Therefore, for workpieces with complex appearances such as gaps, gaps, deep holes, blind holes, etc., the cleaning effect of the graded cleaning machine is better. But the effect of ultrasonic cleaning can only be achieved at the place where the solution reaches. That is to say, air should be avoided from entering deep and blind holes, and attention should be paid to the phenomenon of impurities falling to the ground, floating oil, and inadequate cleaning.