电镀前处置时必须依据工件的实际情况，采用适宜的方法进行有用清洗。金属基材一般分为冲压件和压铸件。冲压件上面的油污为一般冲压油，因其密度比较高所以比较容易清洗。一般可用酸洗、电解等。而锌、铝、铜等的压铸件属比较难清洗的因压铸件中添加了各种元素，此外在成型、拉升、压延、切削、抛光的过程中还必须运用各种油品，如机油、抛光油等。

Before electroplating, it is necessary to use appropriate methods for effective cleaning based on the actual situation of the workpiece. Metal substrates are generally divided into stamped parts and die castings. The oil stains on the stamped parts are ordinary stamping oil, which is easy to clean due to its high density. Generally, acid washing, electrolysis, etc. can be used. Zinc, aluminum, copper, and other die-casting parts are relatively difficult to clean due to the addition of various elements in the die-casting. In addition, various oil products such as engine oil and polishing oil must be used in the process of forming, pulling, rolling, cutting, and polishing.

关于超声波清洗机来讲，机油能够轻松往除。但抛光油分为黄油白油、绿油等，这比较难以往除。因此，必须挑选合适的超声清洗设备和清洗液。

Regarding ultrasonic cleaning machines, oil can be easily removed. But polishing oil is divided into butter white oil, green oil, etc., which is difficult to remove. Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable ultrasonic cleaning equipment and cleaning solution.

超声频率一般为20-100KHZ之间。一般工件的前处理，一般采用低频、中功率的超声清洗设备，如频率25-28KHZ，功率密度1W/cm。由于低频比高频在介质中容易发生空化，关于外形简单、并不十分精密的工件，超声波清洗机能满足要求。特点是噪音较大价格便宜。对一些精密度较高的工件，现运用的一般都为高频40-68KHZ高功率的超声清洗机。因此类清洗机关于缝隙、空隙、深孔、盲孔等表面形复杂的工件清洗效果较好。可是超声清洗的效果只是有溶液抵达的地方才华起到清洗效果。也是说要防止深孔、盲孔中有空气，并且要留意杂质着落、油污上漂和处置清洗不到位的现象。

The ultrasound frequency is generally between 20-100KHZ. The pre-treatment of general workpieces generally uses low-frequency, medium power ultrasonic cleaning equipment, such as a frequency of 25-28KHZ and a power density of 1W/cm. Due to the tendency of cavitation to occur in the medium at low frequencies compared to high frequencies, ultrasonic cleaning can meet the requirements for workpieces with simple and not very precise shapes. The characteristic is high noise and low price. For some high-precision workpieces, the commonly used ones are high-frequency 40-68KHZ high-power ultrasonic cleaning machines. Therefore, this type of cleaning machine has a better cleaning effect on workpieces with complex surface shapes such as gaps, gaps, deep holes, and blind holes. But the effect of ultrasonic cleaning can only be achieved when the solution reaches the area. It also means that air should be prevented in deep and blind holes, and attention should be paid to the phenomenon of impurities falling, oil floating, and inadequate disposal and cleaning.