超声波清洗机的工作原理主要基于超声波在液体中产生的空化效应。超声波清洗机由超声波发生器发出高频振荡信号。这些信号通过换能器转换成高频机械振荡。高频机械振荡通过清洗槽壁辐射到槽子中的清洗液。由于超声波的辐射，槽内液体中的微气泡能够在声波的作用下保持振动。超声波在液体中传播时，产生疏密相间的振荡，形成数以万计的微小气泡（直径为50-500μm）。这些气泡在超声波纵向传播的负压区形成、生长，在正压区迅速闭合。气泡闭合时产生冲击波，产生高达1012-1013pa的压力及局部高温，这种压力能破坏不溶性污物，使其分化于溶液中。气泡的振动和冲击波对清洗件表面进行擦洗，破坏污物与清洗件表面的吸附，引起污物层的疲劳破坏而被驳离。对于固体表面的污垢，气体型气泡的振动进行擦洗，而液体中的油污被乳化，固体粒子脱离。超声波在清洗液中传播时还会产生射流和微声流，进一步破坏污物，除去或削弱边界污层，增加搅拌、扩散作用，加速可溶性污物的溶解，强化化学清洗剂的清洗作用。由于空化效应和气泡的振动冲击，物件表面及缝隙中的污垢迅速剥落，达到清洗净化的目的。超声波清洗适用于各种材质和精度的物件，尤其适用于表面形状复杂、有缝隙或死角的部件，能够彻底清洗干净。

　　The working principle of ultrasonic cleaning machine is mainly based on the cavitation effect generated by ultrasonic waves in liquid. Firstly, the ultrasonic cleaning machine emits high-frequency oscillation signals from the ultrasonic generator. These signals are converted into high-frequency mechanical oscillations through transducers. High frequency mechanical oscillation radiates into the cleaning solution in the tank through the cleaning tank wall. Due to the radiation of ultrasound, microbubbles in the liquid inside the tank can maintain vibration under the action of sound waves. When ultrasound propagates in liquid, it produces oscillations with alternating density, forming tens of thousands of tiny bubbles (with a diameter of 50-500 μ m). These bubbles form and grow in the negative pressure zone where ultrasound propagates longitudinally, and quickly close in the positive pressure zone. When bubbles close, shock waves are generated, resulting in pressures of up to 1012-1013pa and local high temperatures. This pressure can destroy insoluble pollutants and cause them to differentiate into solutions. The vibration and shock wave of bubbles scrub the surface of the cleaning part, breaking the adsorption between the dirt and the surface of the cleaning part, causing fatigue damage to the dirt layer and being rejected. For dirt on solid surfaces, the vibration of gas bubbles is used to scrub, while oil stains in liquids are emulsified and solid particles detach. When ultrasound propagates in cleaning solution, it also generates jets and micro acoustic flows, further damaging the dirt, removing or weakening the boundary dirt layer, increasing stirring and diffusion effects, accelerating the dissolution of soluble dirt, and enhancing the cleaning effect of chemical cleaning agents. Due to the cavitation effect and the vibration impact of bubbles, dirt on the surface and gaps of the object quickly peels off, achieving the purpose of cleaning and purification. Ultrasonic cleaning is suitable for objects of various materials and precision, especially for components with complex surface shapes, gaps or dead corners, and can thoroughly clean them.

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