Utilizing the high frequency of ultrasound, it is converted into high-frequency kinetic energy through a transducer, and then acts on the liquid medium in the cleaning tank, causing cavitation of the liquid, continuously forming countless fine bubbles, and rapidly exploding, generating an impact force on the surface of the object, causing surface dirt to detach, thereby achieving the cleaning effect.

超声波清洗机原理图

Schematic diagram of ultrasonic cleaning machine

从上面这段话结合原理图就可以大体上了解到整个超声波清洗机的工作原理了，那现在就这段话来做一个详细的解说。

From the above paragraph combined with the schematic diagram, we can roughly understand the working principle of the entire ultrasonic cleaning machine. Now, let's give a detailed explanation of this paragraph.

用在超声波清洗机上的超声波频率一般是28KHz以上。高可达128KHz以上，为常用的是40KHz，这个频率比较通用，适合大多数工件的清洗。频率越低，清洗的细腻度就越低，但力度会强些。反之，则清洗的越精细，但力度会减弱。

The ultrasonic frequency used on ultrasonic cleaning machines is generally above 28KHz. Up to 128KHz or above, the most commonly used frequency is 40KHz, which is relatively universal and suitable for cleaning most workpieces. The lower the frequency, the less delicate the cleaning will be, but the intensity will be stronger. On the contrary, the finer the cleaning, but the weaker the force.

超声波发生器

Ultrasonic generator

超声波发声器是超声波清洗机的核心部件，又称超声波驱动电源、电子箱、超声波控制器，是大功率超声系统的重要组成部分。其作用是把市电转换成与超声波换能器相匹配的高频交流电信号，驱动超声波换能器工作。大功率超声波电源从转换效率方面考虑一般采用开关电源的电路形式。超声波电源分为自激式和它激式电源，自激式电源称为超声波模拟电源，它激式电源称为超声波发生器。

The ultrasonic sounder is the core component of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, also known as the ultrasonic driving power supply, electronic box, and ultrasonic controller. It is an important component of the high-power ultrasonic system. Its function is to convert the mains electricity into high-frequency AC signals that match the ultrasonic transducer, driving the ultrasonic transducer to work. The high-power ultrasonic power supply generally adopts the circuit form of a switching power supply from the perspective of conversion efficiency. Ultrasonic power sources are divided into self-excited and self-excited power sources. The self-excited power source is called an ultrasonic analog power source, and the self-excited power source is called an ultrasonic generator.

那么，我们再了解下超声波换能器。换能就是把超声波的频率转换为机械震动能，这个部件有点类似于手机的震动器，在高频率的超声波推动下，换能器以每秒数十万次的频率震动，这种震动传递到紧扣在上面的清洗槽上，透过清洗槽将动能传递到槽内的液体中。在这种高频率的震动下，液体就会产生空化作用。

So, let's learn more about ultrasonic transducers. Energy conversion is the process of converting the frequency of ultrasonic waves into mechanical vibration energy. This component is somewhat similar to the vibrator of a mobile phone. Driven by high-frequency ultrasonic waves, the transducer vibrates at a frequency of hundreds of thousands of times per second. This vibration is transmitted to the cleaning tank tightly attached to it, and kinetic energy is transmitted to the liquid inside the tank through the cleaning tank. Under this high-frequency vibration, the liquid will produce cavitation.

关于空化作用：

Regarding cavitation:

清洗槽中的液体在高频震动下在急剧的撞击下形成了真空气泡，这些气泡在震动下迅速爆裂，然后又再度闭合，在气泡闭合的瞬间就产生了很强的冲击波，使气泡周围产生1012-1013pa的压力，这相当于100公斤的东西压在一平方米的地盘上了。而实际上，工件承受的面积是极其微小的，所以，可以想象其受到的冲击力度是非常强大的。在这样强大的冲击力下，工件表面的污垢被剥离，从而终达到清洗的目的。由于力度极强，有些金属表面甚至会变得更为光滑光亮，这也是为什么超声波清洗机在五金行业特别受欢迎的缘故，因为五金件通过超声波清洗后会一洗如新，闪闪发亮，卖相特别好。

The liquid in the cleaning tank forms vacuum bubbles under rapid impact under high-frequency vibration. These bubbles quickly burst under vibration and then close again. At the moment of bubble closure, a strong shock wave is generated, causing a pressure of 1012-1013pa around the bubbles, which is equivalent to 100 kilograms of pressure on a square meter of land. In fact, the area that the workpiece bears is extremely small, so it can be imagined that the impact force it receives is very strong. Under such a strong impact force, the dirt on the surface of the workpiece is peeled off, ultimately achieving the purpose of cleaning. Due to the extremely strong force, some metal surfaces may even become smoother and brighter, which is why ultrasonic cleaning machines are particularly popular in the hardware industry, as hardware components will be washed as new, shiny, and sell well after ultrasonic cleaning.