Ultrasonic cleaning is mainly ultrasonic cavitation effect. The intensity of ultrasonic cavitation is related to acoustic parameters and physicochemical properties of cleaning solution. In order to obtain good cleaning effect, appropriate cleaning solution and appropriate ultrasonic acoustic parameters must be selected.

一、超声波频率

1、 Ultrasonic frequency

超声波频率越低，在液体中产生的空化越容易，产生的力度大，作用也越强，适用于工件（粗、脏）初洗。频率高，则超声波方向性强，可集中能量作用于工件上很小部位进行有效清洗，适合于精细的制件清洗。

The lower the ultrasonic frequency, the easier the cavitation in the liquid, the greater the intensity and the stronger the effect. It is suitable for the initial washing of workpieces (coarse and dirty). If the frequency is high, the ultrasonic has strong directionality and can concentrate energy on a small part of the workpiece for effective cleaning, which is suitable for fine workpiece cleaning.

二、功率密度

2、 Power density

对于一般液体，超声波的功率密度（声强度）增大时，空化强度增大，速度越快，清洗效果越好。但对于精密的、表面粗糙度甚小的工件，采用长时间的高功率密度清洗会对工件表面产生“空化”腐蚀。

For general liquids, when the ultrasonic power density (sound intensity) increases, the cavitation intensity increases, the faster the speed, the better the cleaning effect. However, for precision workpieces with small surface roughness, long-time high-power density cleaning will produce "cavitation" corrosion on the workpiece surface.

三、清洗介质

3、 Cleaning medium

超声波清洗介质主要选择粘度小、蒸汽压小和对超声波的衰减小的液体，同时考虑选择有针对性地工件表面油污、污物的液体。采用超声波清洗，一般有两类清洗剂：化学清洗剂和水基清洗剂。清洗介质的化学作用，可以加速超声波清洗效果。加上超声波清洗的物理作用，两种作用相结合，以对工件进行充分彻底的清洗。

The ultrasonic cleaning medium mainly selects the liquid with low viscosity, low steam pressure and low attenuation of ultrasonic wave. At the same time, it is considered to select the liquid to remove oil and dirt on the workpiece surface. Ultrasonic cleaning is adopted. Generally, there are two types of cleaning agents: chemical cleaning agent and water-based cleaning agent. The chemical action of cleaning medium can accelerate the effect of ultrasonic cleaning. Combined with the physical function of ultrasonic cleaning, the two functions are combined to fully and thoroughly clean the workpiece.

四、清洗温度

4、 Cleaning temperature

与超声波清洗配用的清洗液的温度升高有利于空化，但清洗液温度升高，蒸汽压也相应增高，而使超声空化效应减弱。所以，温度的选择要考虑对空化强度的影响，同时也要考虑清洗液的化学清洗作用。一般水基清洗剂宜采用40℃-60℃的工作温度。

The temperature rise of the cleaning solution used with ultrasonic cleaning is conducive to cavitation, but the steam pressure increases with the temperature rise of the cleaning solution, which weakens the ultrasonic cavitation effect. Therefore, the influence of temperature on cavitation strength and the chemical cleaning effect of cleaning solution should be considered. The working temperature of 40 ℃ - 60 ℃ should be adopted for general water-based cleaning agent.